Engineering ethics is the field of applied ethics and system of moral principles that apply to the practice of engineering. The field examines and sets the. By subscribing here you will be entered to receive the latest DEO news and information directly to your inbox. Examples of the types of updates you may receive. NFPA, organizacin de seguridad humana y proteccin contra incendios ms grande y reconocida del mundo, posee una publicacin en espaol y portugus NFPA. Engineering ethics Wikipedia. Engineering ethics is the field of applied ethics and system of moral principles that apply to the practice of engineering. The field examines and sets the obligations by engineers to society, to their clients, and to the profession. As a scholarly discipline, it is closely related to subjects such as the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering, and the ethics of technology. Background and originseditThe 1. As engineering rose as a distinct profession during the 1. There was considerable tension between the two sides as large industrial employers fought to maintain control of their employees. In the United States growing professionalism gave rise to the development of four founding engineering societies The American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE 1. American Institute of Electrical Engineers AIEE 1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME 1. American Institute of Mining Engineers AIME 1. ASCE and AIEE were more closely identified with the engineer as learned professional, where ASME, to an extent, and AIME almost entirely, identified with the view that the engineer is a technical employee. Even so, at that time ethics was viewed as a personal rather than a broad professional concern. Asce 7 10 Pdf Espanol' title='Asce 7 10 Pdf Espanol' />A hand axe or handaxe is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longestused tool in human history. It is usually made from flint or chert. Se llama hielo seco o nieve carbnica al dixido de carbono CO 2 en estado slido. Recibe este nombre porque, pese a parecerse al hielo normal o a la nieve por. Hydrology deals with the occurrence, movement, and storage of water in the earth system. Hydrologic science comprises understanding the underlying physical and. Turning of the 2. The Boston molasses disaster provided a strong impetus for the establishment of professional licensing and codes of ethics in the United States. When the 1. 9th century drew to a close and the 2. Ashtabula River Railroad Disaster 1. Tay Bridge Disaster 1. Quebec Bridge collapse 1. These had a profound effect on engineers and forced the profession to confront shortcomings in technical and construction practice, as well as ethical standards. One response was the development of formal codes of ethics by three of the four founding engineering societies. AIEE adopted theirs in 1. ASCE and ASME did so in 1. AIME did not adopt a code of ethics in its history. Concerns for professional practice and protecting the public highlighted by these bridge failures, as well as the Boston molasses disaster 1. Professional licensure in the US. This involves meeting some combination of educational, experience, and testing requirements. In 1. Association of German Engineers developed an oath for all its members titled The Confession of the Engineers, directly hinting at the role of engineers in the atrocities committed during World War II. Over the following decades most American states and Canadian provinces either required engineers to be licensed, or passed special legislation reserving title rights to organization of professional engineers. The Canadian model is to require all persons working in fields of engineering that posed a risk to life, health, property, the public welfare and the environment to be licensed, and all provinces required licensing by the 1. The US model has generally been only to require the practicing engineers offering engineering services that impact the public welfare, safety, safeguarding of life, health, or property to be licensed, while engineers working in private industry without a direct offering of engineering services to the public or other businesses, education, and sometimes government need not be licensed. This has perpetuated the split between professional engineers and those in private industry. Professional societies have adopted generally uniform codes of ethics. Recent developmentseditWilliam Le. Messuriers response to design deficiencies uncovered after construction of the Citigroup Center is often cited as an example of ethical conduct. Efforts to promote ethical practice continue. In addition to the professional societies and chartering organizations efforts with their members, the Canadian Iron Ring and American Order of the Engineer trace their roots to the 1. Quebec Bridge collapse. Both require members to swear an oath to uphold ethical practice and wear a symbolic ring as a reminder. In the United States, the National Society of Professional Engineers released in 1. Canons of Ethics for Engineers and Rules of Professional Conduct, which evolved to the current Code of Ethics, adopted in 1. These requests ultimately led to the creation of the Board of Ethical Review in 1. Ethics cases rarely have easy answers, but the BERs nearly 5. Currently, bribery and political corruption is being addressed very directly by several professional societies and business groups around the world. However, new issues have arisen, such as offshoring, sustainable development, and environmental protection, that the profession is having to consider and address. General principleseditEngineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public National Society of Professional Engineers, 1. A practitioner shall, regard the practitioners duty to public welfare as paramount. Professional Engineers Ontario, 1. Codes of engineering ethics identify a specific precedence with respect to the engineers consideration for the public, clients, employers, and the profession. Many engineering professional societies have prepared codes of ethics. Some date to the early decades of the twentieth century. These have been incorporated to a greater or lesser degree into the regulatory laws of several jurisdictions. While these statements of general principles served as a guide, engineers still require sound judgment to interpret how the code would apply to specific circumstances. The general principles of the codes of ethics are largely similar across the various engineering societies and chartering authorities of the world,2. The following is an example from the American Society of Civil Engineers 2. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of their professional duties. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the engineering profession and shall act with zero tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their supervision. Obligation to societyeditThe paramount value recognized by engineers is the safety and welfare of the public. As demonstrated by the following selected excerpts, this is the case for professional engineering organizations in nearly every jurisdiction and engineering discipline Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers We, the members of the IEEE, do hereby commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree 1. Institution of Civil Engineers Members of the ICE should always be aware of their overriding responsibility to the public good. A members obligations to the client can never override this, and members of the ICE should not enter undertakings which compromise this responsibility. The public good encompasses care and respect for the environment, and for humanitys cultural, historical and archaeological heritage, as well as the primary responsibility members have to protect the health and well being of present and future generations. Professional Engineers Ontario A practitioner shall, regard the practitioners duty to public welfare as paramount. Hielo seco Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. Estructura cristalina del hielo seco. Se llama hielo seco o nieve carbnica al dixido de carbono CO2 en estadoslido. Recibe este nombre porque, pese a parecerse al hielo normal o a la nieve por su aspecto y temperatura, cuando se sublima no deja residuo de humedad porque su base no es agua y su estado natural es gaseoso incluso a temperaturas ambientales bajas. Tiene una temperatura de sublimacin de 7. C a una atmsfera de presin. Fue descubierto por el qumico francs Charles Thilorier en 1. El hielo seco tuvo su primer uso en el mercado casi 1. Priest con sede en Nueva York utilizaron el compuesto en extintores. Con el paso de los aos, la gente empez a encontrar ms usos para el hielo seco. FabricacineditarEl hielo seco se puede fabricar utilizando mquinas, el CO2 se deja escapar en una bolsa porosa donde se congela. Este se recoge a continuacin y se comprime en cubos mediante mquinas. El hielo seco despus comienza a sublimarse cuando se expone a temperaturas ms clidas. Puesto que es dixido de carbono, tambin se puede utilizar para fijar metal, para eliminar baldosas del suelo y para eliminar las verrugas. Tambin se puede encontrar en herramientas tales como extintores de incendios. Uno de los principales usos del hielo seco es para conservar los alimentos perecederos. Tambin es usado por los heladeros para conservar fros los helados que venden. En el mundo del espectculo tambin se usa en ocasiones para liberar a ras de suelo un vapor blanco muy visible, similar a niebla fra vase tambin Mquina de humo. Peligrosidad en su manejoeditarEl hielo seco es extremadamente fro y alcanza temperaturas de alrededor de 7. C o 1. 94,6. 5 K. Debido a esto, es importante manejar el hielo seco con precaucin. Si se utiliza incorrectamente, el hielo seco puede causar quemaduras por fro o cualquier otro dao al cuerpo, otras personas o animales. Es importante entender todos los procedimientos adecuados de manipulacin antes de usar hielo seco. Estos incluyen usar guantes aislantes, el uso de pinzas y gafas de seguridad. ReferenciaseditarBibliografaeditarYaws, Carl 2. Matheson gas data book 7th edicin. Mc. Graw Hill Professional. ISBN 9. 78 0 0. Consultado el 2. Hring, Heinz Wolfgang 2. Industrial Gases Processing. Christine Ahner. Wiley VCH. ISBN 9. 78 3 5. Consultado el 3. Treloar, Roy 2. 00. Plumbing Encyclopaedia 3rd edicin. Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 9. Consultado el 3. 1 de julio de 2. Housecroft, Catherine Sharpe, Alan G 2. Inorganic Chemistry. Harlow Prentice Hall. ISBN 0 5. 82 3. Consultado el 3. Mitra, Somenath 2. Sample preparation techniques in analytical chemistry. Wiley IEEE. ISBN 9. Consultado el 3. 1 de julio de 2. Mc. Carthy, Robert E. Secrets of Hollywood special effects. Boston Focal Press. ISBN 0 2. 40 8. Duane, H. D. Roller Thilorier, M. Thilyorier and the First Solidification of a Permanent Gas 1. Isis. 43 2 1. 09 1. JSTOR 2. 27. 17. 4. Khanna, S. K. Kapila, Dr. B. 2. 00. 8. Comprehensive Chemistry X. Laxmi Publications. ISBN 9. 78 8. 1 7. Consultado el 3. 1 de julio de 2. Goroll, Allan H Mulley, Albert G 2. Primary Care Medicine Office Evaluation and Management of the Adult Patient. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. ISBN 9. 78 0 7. Keyes, Conrad G 2. Guidelines for cloud seeding to augment precipitation. American Society of Civil Engineers. ASCE Publications. Install Checkpoint Gaia Virtualbox For Mac. ISBN 9. 78 0 7. Enlaces externoseditar.